Neuroprotective Effects of Annona Squamosa Linn Fruit Pulp in 6 Hydroxydopamine Induced Parkinsonism and Aluminium Chloride Induced Alzheimer Disease in Rat Behavior and Neurochemical studies

Abstract

It s important to note that our findings suggest the potential neuroprotective effects of Annona squamosa extract. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, proteins, steroids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, gums and mucilage, glycosides and saponins. Phenolic and flavonoid content were quantified, which denotes the significant presence of antioxidant components in FEAS. Also, Significant antioxidant activity was displayed by FEAS in scavenging activity was checked against DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by biochemical analysis. Bioactive compounds eluted by LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical compounds such as isocitric acid, trigonelline, pyridine-dione derivative, pyrimidine-dione derivative, quinoline derivative, etc. denotes the presence of flavonoids in the fruit extract (FEAS). The current study has shown that FEAS-I and II, administered at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, could improve the behavioural, biochemical, neuroinflammatory and chemical deficits caused by 6-OHDA. These compounds possess neuroprotective properties that can be attributed to their ability to act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents and modulate neurotransmitter levels in the basal ganglia circuit. The results also suggest that Annona squamosa fruit pulp can mitigate the damaging effects of aluminium chloride on memory, brain tissue and cholinergic function. It is likely due to the potent antioxidant properties of the fruit pulp, which effectively counteract oxidative stress and regulate transmembrane protein levels. The study showed a dose-dependent activity of FEAS, showing a significant change at the higher dose (400 mg/kg) compared to that at the lower dose (200 mg/kg). FEAS-II may have potential as a treatment option for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson s and Alzheimer s. Additional research is required to verify the anti-Parkinson and anti-Alzheimer s effects of the Annona squamosa fruit pulp using other models before clinical trials can be conducted.