Study on the Epidemiology and Clinical Picture of Human Parainfluenza Virus in Chennai Standardization of Rapid Diagnostic Tool and to study the Effect of Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase Inhibitors on the Isolates

Abstract

Human parainfluenza viruses are a group of viruses that cause different types of respiratory infections and are most common in children and infants. Throat and nasal swabs were collected from symptomatic patients in Chennai within three days onset of illness were determined the prevalence of HPIV by Multiplex reverse transcription PCR. Epidemiology of specific viral etiology in patients was observed throughout the years. The age wise distribution of HPIV cases newlinewere analyzed and divided into 0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 and above 50. The prevalence in different age groups was statistically analyzed by standard error mean. Their positivity was observed in all the years during monsoon months of August to September and post monsoon months of November to February. Among the four serotypes HPIV type 3 is highly predominant in all the years (2011-2014). HPIV-2 positivity were occurred rarely in 2014. This study validates the prevalence of HPIV infection in Chennai and indicates the circulating serotypes and HPIV strains. The PCR products were sequenced and submitted to genbank and assigned the accession number. Different sequences were retrieved from NCBI and aligned as FASTA format. Mutations were identified by multiple sequence alignment of HPIV by ClustalW tool. Amino acid alterations were identified in HPIV-3 (HN gene) at residue 295 which Histidine replaced by Tyrosine and at 297 which Serine replaced by Glycine. Neuraminidase inhibitor (Zanamivir) and nucleoside inhibitor (Ribavirin) were performed for antiviral activity against HPIV-2 and 3. Among these inhibitors Ribavirin has highly preferable with less concentration when compared to HN inhibitor. Among these three compounds natural glycyrrhizic acid from Licorice root were performed and observed very minimum concentration to inhibit both serotype of Human parainfluenza virus-2 and 3. CONCLUSION: The HPIV group of viruses is conventionally specified a high place in the pantheon of respiratory viruses as a cause of upper and lower respiratory tract illness.