Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis on Hybrid Nanofluid Flow With Interfacial Nanolayer Thickness

Abstract

VII newlineAbstract newlineThe heat and mass transfer on the hybrid nanofluid flow with interfacial nanolayer have been investigated. Nonlinear Arrhenius activation energy, binary chemical reactions, and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux are included in the system. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalize the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations and then processed by the Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM). The impression of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and Bejan number is demonstrated through graphical and tabular form. The graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids and different nanolayer thicknesses of nanoparticles. Three-dimensional features were observed for skin friction, heat, and mass transfer. The effects of entropy and the Bejan number are exhibited through graphs. The thermal impact is very significant in the presence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and is further supported by nonlinear thermal radiation and the Brinkman number. It is true that the Brinkman number disrupts the heat transfer rate; however, it improves with heat generation. Irreversibility analysis gives an idea of the energy loss of the system, which appears in most industrial applications. In the present problem, the irreversibility of a 3-D Darcy-Forchheimer Casson hybrid nanofluid flow caused by a rotating disk is analysed. Cattaneo-Christov heat flux, Joule s heating and nonlinear thermal radiation with heat generation are introduced in the system. The governing important PDEs are transformed into a collection of ODEs with suitable boundary conditions and then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg based shooting approach (RKFS). The velocities and temperature are explored with different governing parameters. Further, we analysed the irreversibility of the system including the Bejan number with the rate of local heat transfer. We have compared our results with the existing literature. The Brinkman number and Reynolds number are observed to increase the entropy generation of the system. Temperature ratio, Cattaneo-Christov heat flux, Prandtl number and Biot number boost up the rate of heat transfer at the surface. The outcome of the problem leads to an application to industries and solar panels with advanced Darcy-Forchheimer feature and the presence of nanoparticles. newline