An Improved Nature Inspired Algorithm to Design Energy Efficient and Stability Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Nature-inspired algorithms represent a category of highly potent optimization techniques that draw inspiration from natural processes. They have found applications across a broad spectrum of research disciplines. These algorithms are characterized by their simplicity, adaptability, and flexibility, making them suitable for various problem-solving scenarios. These algorithms have existed for generations but have garnered significant interest from researchers over the past two decades. In this thesis, several nature-inspired algorithms have been studied, including CS, GWO, NMRA, SMA, WOA, COOT optimization, and others. These algorithms are recognized as state-of-the-art and have demonstrated their competitiveness and applicability across various research domains. In addition to their advantages, these algorithms exhibit certain drawbacks, including algorithm trapping in local optimal solutions, limited exploration capabilities, slow convergence rates, and complex parameter tuning. To overcome these limitations, it is imperative to design hybrid or enhanced versions of algorithms capable of effectively addressing high-end optimization problems. It has become evident that no single algorithm is universally suited for all optimization challenges. Therefore, the central objective of this work is to introduce an algorithm capable of successfully solving standard IEEE CEC benchmark problems and subjected to various dimensional and statistical analysis to validate results. In this work, a number of hybrid algorithms have been developed inspired from the exploitation capability of NMRA with added features of self adaptability and stagnation avoidance phase. The widespread use of wireless sensor devices and their advancements in terms of size, deployment cost, measurement of environmental events and user friendly interface have given rise to many applications of WSNs. Such networks need to utilize routing protocols to forward data samples from event regions to sink. The focus of such routing protocols is to forward