Design and performance analysis of compact and flexible antenna for wearable implantable applications

Abstract

Advancements in wireless communication have led to the widespread newlineuse of wearable antennas in wireless body area networks (WBANs). The 5 newlineGHz frequency range, known for its expansive bandwidth and high data rate, newlinehas emerged as the preferred communication band for wearable antenna newlineapplications in WBAN technology. Concurrently, significant progress has newlinebeen made in the development of next-generation medical wearables and newlineimplants that integrate biosensors. This integration enables remote and real newlinetime diagnostic testing, eliminating the need for individuals to visit medical newlinefacilities for time-consuming procedures. They can now monitor their health newlineconditions and receive immediate feedback from experts remotely. In the newlinerealm of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, wearable technology plays a newlinecrucial role in seamless communication. Antennas are vital components in newlineensuring the integration of wearable devices into existing communication newlinenetworks. The 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, compatible with Bluetooth and newlineWi-Fi technologies, are particularly important in this regard. Wearable newlineantennas operate across a broad spectrum to support various wireless newlinestandards. Commonly, they utilize the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for Wi-Fi newlineand Bluetooth. Additionally, they may employ the 402-406 MHz band for newlineMedical Implant Communication Service (MICS) and the 902-928 MHz UHF newlineband for RFID applications. This range allows for versatile communication in newlinewearable devices. newline