Development of small organic fluorometric receptors from D plus glucose for picric acid in aqueous medium

Abstract

Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are scarce in natural occurrences and have mostly been introduced into the environment via anthropogenic activities. This significant category of industrial chemicals is extensively used to synthesize a broad range of goods, including dyes, polymers, insecticides, and explosives. Unfortunately, the widespread use of these chemicals has resulted in the pollution of soil and groundwater in the ecosystem. The presence of the nitro group (-NO2) in these molecules enhances their chemical and functional variety and adds to their resistance to biodegradation. Benzene ring stability and the electron-withdrawing nitro group make nitroaromatic compounds resistant to oxidative destruction. Their extreme toxicity, ability to cause mutations, and ease of conversion into cancerous aromatic amines make them even more difficult to deal with. Among several NACs, picric acid (PA), a phenolic nitroaromatic chemical known as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), is superior in energy content, making it a highly demanding component in making explosives. Among the several known analytical detection methods, the fluorescence approach has recently received special attention. Because of the above, the development of cheap, selective, and simple fluorometric sensors for accurately determining PA in both solid and liquid states has become a great challenge in analytical chemistry. newlineThough several and#960;-electron-rich (anthracene/pyrene) based fluorescent sensors have been developed to detect PA, some suffer from poor solubility in water, expensive starting materials, longer response time and interference by other analytes. In this context, fluorometric sensors based on biocompatible carbohydrates would be more advantageous for the presence of -OH groups and oxygen atoms in sugar moiety which are very suitable for NACs binding and improving water solubility. In addition, the sensing and complexing capabilities of 1,2,3-triazole moiety towards PA are remarkable.