Investigation on crosslinker free Hydroxyapatite polysaccharide nanocomposites for adsorption of fluoride ion from water

Abstract

newline Water is a vital nutrient for the survival of all organisms. However, people all around the world do not have access to a safe mode of potable water with adequate quality and quantity in recent years. The rapid growth of the population has led to increased urbanization; while industrialization poses the large quantities of untreated hazardous pollutants are discharged into water reservoirs without any subsequent treatment. In this series, Fand#8210; contamination is a serious environmental issue due to its highly reactive (electronegativity) compared to other anions and may exist in any inorganic or organic form. Excessive consumption of Fand#8210; ion in drinking water threatens the serious disorders of skeletal and dental fluorosis. To date, ~ 200 million people across the world are directly depend on Fand#8210;-polluted water which is over the ideal level of Fand#8210; ion in groundwater (1.5 mg/L), set by World Health Organization (WHO). This severity of the situation has led to the investigation of several technologies (ion-exchange, precipitation, reverse osmosis, coagulation, membrane, adsorption and electrodialysis) to reduce the excessive Fand#8210; ion concentration in water. Out of these, the adsorption technique emerged as a best and effective option for defluoridation in the terms of cost effectiveness, simple design of operation, reuse of the adsorbent and high capacity/rate. Taking this into account, researchers have fabricated several adsorbents to treat the Fand#8210;-contaminated water by adsorption technique.