Stimulation and Modeling of Droplet Evaporation to Characterize the effect of Surface Conductivity and Droplet Fluid Property

Abstract

The evaporation of droplets is essential for the optimal performance of various devices, as newlinefogging can severely impact their functionality. This issue is particularly relevant for devices newlineequipped with transparent heaters (TH), which are designed to maintain clarity and prevent newlineobstructive condensation. When droplets accumulate on the surface of these heaters, they newlinecan lead to significant operational problems, such as fogging or icing, which impair visibility newlineand efficiency. newlineTo addressthese challenges, it is crucial to study the behaviour of droplets and their evaporation characteristics on exposed surfacestogether with dependency on the thermal conductivity newlineof the substrate. Over the past three decades, extensive research has been conducted to understand how various factors influence droplet evaporation. These studies have revealed that the newlineevaporation process, especially in cases involving unwetted substrates, liquid droplets, and newlineambient water vapor buoyancy, conforms to Newton s law of cooling. This law provides a newlinequantitative framework for predicting how droplets evaporate based on temperature differences between the droplet and the surrounding environment. newline