Dynamic Pricing based Efficient Model for Smart Parking System

Abstract

The concept of Smart Parking (SP) has emerged as a beacon of hope for innumerable vehicles navigating congested streets in today s urban environment. Utilizing cutting-edge technology, SP alleviates the persistent difficulties associated with locating and securing a parking location. Despite its promise, this innovative solution confronts a number of challenging obstacles. Increasing urbanization and vehicle ownership have exacerbated the parking space shortage, making efficient Parking Management (PMGMT) more important than ever. Inadequate infrastructure, data privacy concerns, and the integration of various technologies are obstacles that require careful consideration. In the domain of SP solutions, establishing a balance between motorist convenience and sustainable urban development remains a formidable challenge. The on-street parking system and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging facilities at public places pose more challenges than any other form. This work examines the literature on Dynamic Fare Pricing (DFP), Dynamic Charging/ Discharging Pricing (DCDP) for EVs, Dynamic Parking Pricing (DPP), and Dynamic Congestion Pricing (DCP) based resource allocation in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The presented review contributed in numerous ways by detailing the benefits and drawbacks of allocation techniques, the evolution of techniques, various evaluation parameters, taxonomies, strengths and weaknesses, tools, data-sets, and a comparative analysis of allocation techniques. Here, two dynamic Pricing and Allocation Schemes (PASs), OccPARK and DyPARK and one dynamic Congestion control and Allocation Scheme (CAS) CoPARK, are developed. In all schemes, immediate and advance parking or parking-cum-charging requests are generated, and decisions on them are made. Locally, at a single Parking Controller (PC) or Charging Controller (CC), all requests are processed in the order they were received. The decision on advance requests can be delayed based on requester s preferences and availability