Design and development of heterogeneous catalyst system for c n bond formation reactions

Abstract

Amines and their derivatives are essential class of organo-nitrogen compounds widely present newlineas building blocks in the fields of pharmaceuticals, the natural products, fine or bulk chemicals, newlineemulsifiers, dyes and pigments, surfactants, plasticizers.1 Being ubiquitous in the fields of newlinenatural products, which afford pharmaceutical and biological activities, amines achieve great newlineimportance in both chemical and biological industries.2 Hence, environmentally benign routes newlinefor selective synthesis of amines is always demanding and imperative objective to the newlineindustries. However, the prevailing conventional synthetic routes to the amines accompany newlinewith the minimal selectivity thereby lowering the atom efficiency. Majority of the classical newlinesynthetic methods; the nucleophilic substitution of organic halides with amines, cyanides and newlineazides associated with the formation of stoichiometric amount of unwanted salts, biproducts newlinewhich lowers the atom efficiency.2 By contrast the catalytic nucleophilic substitution of the newlinealcohols proceed with better atom efficiency, however, conversion of alcohols to amines newlinecoupled with multistep procedures overcome with the difficulty in product isolation and newlinepurification in each and every step hence leading with the poor selectivity.3 In this regard newlinehydroamination is the highly demanding approach to achieve such organo-nitrogen newlinecompounds, the amines, enamines and imines since it proceeds with 100 % atom efficiency, newlinethereby offering both economic and environmental benefits in contrast to the former traditional newlineorganic synthetic methods. newline