Quality analysis physico chemical and microbiological of drinking and Yamuna water from different areas of Mathura and Agra regions with special Reference to E coli VTEC and Campylobacter spps

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the physico-chemical and microbiological quality newlineof water from different sources in Mathura and Agra along with the prevalence of E.coli (VTEC) and newlineCampylobacter spps in these water samples. A total of 480 water samples (drinking water n=180, newlineunderground water n=60, surface water (Yamuna and pond water (n=120 each)) were collected during newlineDec 2013-15. The overall ranges of pH, turbidity, TDS, TH, Chloride, fluoride, nitrate and iron were newlinebetween 6.5-8.9, 0- 36.2 NTU, 20-2000 ppm, 117-1500mg/, 100-3250 mg/l, 0.12-2.5 mg/l, 0-100.2 newlinemg/l and 0-0.5 mg/l, respectively. In surface water, pH, chloride, TH, fluoride, nitrates and iron were newlinewithin the allowable limits in surface water. The pH and TDS were higher during postmonsoon season newlinethan premonsoon. The DO and EC in surface water ranged between 0.20-0.40 mg/l and 727-1250 newlineµS/cm, respectively. The SPC and MPN were within 0-6x107 newline cfu/ml and 0-gt1800 coliforms/100ml. All newlinesurface water samples were positive for coliforms whereas 53.89% drinking water samples had newlinecoliforms. No coliforms were detected in packaged water of national brands. Sachet and locally newlinepackaged water was more contaminated. A total of 162 E.coli (33.75%) were isolated from 480 water newlinesamples. Surface water had 52.92 % E.coli, followed by underground water 26.67% (16/60) and newlinedrinking water, 10.56% (19/180). None of the packaged water samples had E.coli. The prevalence of newlineVTEC was 4.8% (23/480) with maximum 6.11% (11/180) in drinking water, followed by ground water newlinesamples 5% (3/60) and surface water 3.75% (9/240). There prevalence of E.coli in surface water during newlinepremonsoon(65%) was more than post monsoon (40.83%).VTEC in premonsoon and post monsoon newlinewater was 3.33% (4/120) and 4.17% (5/120), respectively. 35 E.coli (21.6%) had pathogenic genes. newlineThe EHEC hlyA gene was the most common virulent gene with prevalence of 74.29%, followed by stx1 newline(62.58%) and stx2 gene (8.58%). Gene combination of stx1+hlyA was predominant. 33 isolates newline(94.28%) were