Generation and Evaluation of the efficacy of ACCU DIRECT SCALE Developed for Access Cavity Preparation in comparison of Guided Endodontic Procedure in Calcified Canals

Abstract

Identifying and negotiating the root canal orifice in a calcified tooth is a crucial step while performing root canal therapy.1 In search of locating the calcified canal there is a massive loss of tooth structure that is associated with a higher risk of tooth fracture and results in high failure rate. newlineWhat is Pulp canal space obliteration- Pulp canal space obliteration typically occurs after dental trauma, leading to rapid accumulation of dentin within the pulp canal space, thereby reducing its diameter.2 Dentin accumulation is often a response of the pulp to a damaged neurovascular supply from trauma or because of the aging process, which includes the continuous formation of secondary and tertiary dentin over a lifetime.3, 4 newlineCauses of Calcified teeth mentioned in the literature are- Orthodontic therapy, dental caries, pulpal injuries or any restorative procedures or abfractions and pervious operative procedures and also consequently, there is an increase in the number of old patients with calcified teeth requiring root canal treatment (RCT).5 newlineWhen to treat calcified teeth Endodontic treatment is required in case of any Periapical pathosis, crown discoloration, presence of any acute symptoms include tenderness on percussion or palpation and swelling.6 newlinePrevalence and incidence of calcified teeth- Percentage of Failed conventional RCT in Calcified teeth is in the range from 20% to 70% and percentage of calcified teeth in different type of injuries which includes Concussion injuries 3% calcified teeth in immature apex and 7% in mature apex and Subluxation obliteration is 11% in immature apex and 8% in mature apex.7 The incidence of calcific metamorphosis post trauma ranges from 3.7% to 40%, while after root fractures, it varies from 29.4% to 95.2%.7 newlineBased on the given data: newline1. In concussion cases- 3% of cases result in pulpal necrosis. newline2. In subluxation cases- 6% of cases result in pulpal necrosis.8 additionally, various studies suggest that dental trauma occurs in the following proportions among teenagers around the age