Study of red blood cell interaction with endothelium

Abstract

Recent studies on thrombotic events have associated with Red Blood newlineCells (RBCs) dysfunction. However, mechanistic links between RBC newlineabnormalities and disease severity still remains obscure. RBC aggregation and newlineRBC adhesion to (endothelial cells) ECs both these parameters were considered newlineto be a major contributor in augmenting RBC dysfunction. But between these newlinetwo abnormalities which factor majorly prompt thrombotic conditions remains newlinea debate. To shine light on this, we re-examined RBC aggregation and adhesion newlinenature under dextran treatment. Our results emphasized RBC aggregate shape newlinedistribution and RBC-EC adhesion importance in intensifying disease newlinecondition. To evaluate the causative factors that are responsible for stimulating newlineRBC dysfunction, we investigated biophysical factors such as osmotic shock newlineand shear stress and bio metabolic stress factors such as Lipopolysaccharides newline(LPS) and cholesterol imbalance (cholesterol enrichment and cholesterol newlinedepletion). Our experimental data revealed a significant increment in RBCs newlineLDH level and RBC-EC adhesiveness with a morphological transition from newlineintact shape to echinocyte form (spicule formation) under scanning electron newlinemicroscopy after inducing RBC with various stress stimulants. Analysis also newlinerevealed that among the stress stimulants employed hypertonic stress and newlinecholesterol depletion stress was determined to have a severe detrimental impact newlineon RBC-EC adhesion. Further, both the stress stimulants illustrated reduction newlinein intracellular RBC-Nitric Oxide (NO) level and S-nitrosocysteine expression. newline