Synthesis of some nanoparticles and their ion sensing and biological applications

Abstract

Nanoparticles and nanomaterials have numerous applications in this technology driven newlinetime. Nanoparticles have gained increased attraction due to the fine tuning ability of various newlinephysiochemical characteristics as per requirement, which ultimately lead to better applicability of newlinethe nonmaterial. There are mainly four material-based categories which constitute overall newlinenanomaterials and nanostructured materials and they are: (i) Carbon-based nanomaterials, (ii) newlineInorganic nanomaterials, (iii) Organic nanomaterials and (iv) Composite nanomaterials. Apart newlinefrom such classification, nanomaterials can be categorized as per their dimension, origin and newlinesource. There are numerous methods to prepare nanomaterials and they can be broadly newlinecategorized into two broad groups which are (a) Bottom-up approach and (b) Top-down newlineapproach. These methods are further segregated into various subclasses taking into consideration newlinesynthetic method, reaction condition and various adopted protocols. Different types of newlinecharacterizations need to be performed for nanomaterials. These are: morphological newlinecharacterizations, structural characterizations, particle size and surface area characterizations, newlinephysicochemical properties characterizations, optical characterizations, to name a few. newlinePhysicochemical properties like electronic and optical properties, magnetic properties, newlinemechanical properties, thermal properties etc. of the nanoparticles have been thoroughly newlineinvestigated because of their novelty, peculiarity and applicability. As nanoparticles have various newlinetunable properties as per requirement, their application is numerous. Researchers have newlinesuccessfully used nanomaterials in the fields of drugs and medicines, manufacturing and newlinematerials, environment, electronics, energy harvesting, in mechanical industry, as fluorescent newlinesensors, in cosmetics, as food additives etc. newlineWhile it is true that there are innumerable reports on fluorescence active nanoparticles in the newlineliterature, there is ample scope for further development in this field.