Wage rates employment and working conditions of permanent farm servants in post green revolution Haryana

Abstract

There are many studies on the casual labourers working on Haryana farms, but on the wage rates, employment, working conditions of permanent farm servants, there are very few studies. The present study is an attempt to fill that gap. In this study, wage rates, pattern of employment and working conditions of permanent farm servants are discussed on the basis of a random survey of twenty-two villages, one from each district of Haryana. newlineThe main findings of the study as follow: firstly, the main characteristics of agricultural labour households which influence their preference for working as permanent farm servants are: caste, number of unmarried males and females, number of adult males and females working as casual agricultural labourers and residential status. Secondly, there are wide variations in the wage rates across the surveyed villages and the main determinants affecting the inter village variations of the wage rates are size of holdings, proportion of male agricultural labourers and other labourers, cropping pattern and percentage of migrant permanent farm servants in a village. Thirdly, main factors affecting the wage rates of permanent farm servants are tractor driving skill, technical and managerial skill, age, experience, farm size, cropping pattern. Fourthly, the relationship between age and wage rates of permanent farm servants is inverted U-shaped. Fifthly, migrant permanent farm servants are getting lower wage rates than local permanent farm servants. Sixthly, by and large, there is warm and friendly relationship between permanent farm servants and employers. newline newline