Identification characterization and experimental validation of dimerization properties of bzip transcription factors in hexaploid wheat

Abstract

In the present study we have summarized the structural rules regulating dimerization specificity of these TFs and this include the amino acids at (1) the g and e positions, and (2) the a and d positions based on conserved structural motifs. The results from Publically available RNA-seq data show that T aestivum wheat variety revealed 265 unique bZIP TFs. These genes have a potential to form around 23,232 dimers, suggesting a remarkable transcriptional control. Bread wheat TabZIPs contain less Asparagine at a position in comparison to reference species. The repulsive acidic (D,E) and basic (K,R) amino acids at e position are present with 99 percent abundance which is more than in the Zea mays (56%), Oryza sativa (62%), Hordeum vulgare (59%), and Arabidopsis thaliana (59%). This indicates the more heterodimerization possibility in bread TabZIPs. In addition, for this study the genetic and epigenetic basis of asymmetric/biased expression of bZIPs with respect to temperature stress, has been identified by sequence differences and presence of the epigenetic markers (H3K4me3, H3K9ac) in the promoter regions for exploring the prejudiced expression between the TabZIP homeologs. In conclusion, exploring the structural requisites for dimerization and understanding the asymmetric gene expression in wheat is important for developing new wheat varieties with improved agronomic traits and recognizing the fundamental biology of polyploid organisms. newline