An enhanced design and implementation of a routing protocol using swarm intelligence for vanet communication

Abstract

The multifaceted intensification of vehicle volume leads to crowded and congested roads. A large number of vehicles and traffic bottlenecks are causing road accidents that have become the major cause of causalities. Smart intelligent VANET systems research community needs more attention to come up with enhanced VANET protocols to better manage road traffic safety and diminish the mortality rate of road accidents. Smart and ITS designed on VANETs concepts, aims to enhance road safety and efficient traffic management. VANETs play a vital role in enabling communication among vehicles and surrounding infrastructure. The study will explore the state-of-the-art pertaining VANETs, routing protocols of VANETs, swarm intelligence, and parallel routing, to design and implement an enhanced and efficient routing protocol using swarm intelligence and parallel routing to optimize the energy, packet loss, throughput, routing overheads and delay time. While designing the routing protocols, the foremost challenge is the dynamic changes in VANETs network topology. There are a few points to be taken care of while designing a routing protocol, i) routing strategies: routing information and route discovery techniques, ii) routing network architecture: routing algorithm, routing metrics, and QoS. There are numerous routing protocols designed such as topological-based routing protocols like AODV and DSR, swarm-inspired routing protocols like ACO and artificial bee colony algorithms, etc. Features and challenges of existing evolutionary algorithms will be studied and investigated. To lessen the effect of existing challenges, a swarm intelligent inspired Parallel Ant Colony Optimized (PACO) algorithm has been designed to achieve better efficiency in VANETs. PACO consumes less energy, provides better throughput, and has less delay time as compared to AODV and ACO. PACO has been designed by integrating the features of the parallel routing algorithm with ACO. More efforts have been put into establishing a reliable broadcast channel that