Role Of Microalbuminuria And Insulin Resistance As Predictive Biomarkers For Nephropathy In Obese Individuals

Abstract

newline newlineObesity is a disorder of increased adipose tissue mass; it is generally due to increased fat accumulation and decreased physical workout, which finally increases body weight. Precisely accumulation of fat or triacylglycerol, as other metabolic products such as carbohydrates, glycogen, protein, liver, and muscles cannot store energy beyond its requirement limit compared to adipose tissue (1). newlineAdipose tissue has the capability to increase its size and number of cells as per conditions (2). it has also been well thought-out with bodyweight unaccompanied, but it should not be well thought-out as only measurement criteria for obesity as BMI data must be taken with some cautiousness as there is bias as in some cases muscular people are put in the category of overweight due to increased muscle mass (3). newlineObesity is a condition of body weight regulatory systems; it results to production of excess body fat. Body mass index (BMI) is a general expression to characterize obesity; it is calculated as weight in kg divided by height in meter square (m2). Based on BMI, World Health Organization guidelines have categorized obesity as BMI gt30 is obese in men and BMI gt 28.6 is obese in women. Obesity criteria for women are less due to lower bone and muscle mass; in contrast, they have slightly more subcutaneous fat (1). newlineDeposition of fat differs anatomically into two main types. Firstly, quotandroid,quot i.e., apple-shaped or upper body obesity, where excessive fats are deposited in the central abdominal area. It is generally seen more in males and is also related to the possibility of various clinical conditions, namely hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, and kidney-related disorder (4). It is the most lethal type of fat deposition; the reason behind it is that; anything released by adipocytes passes through the liver directly via the portal circulation. The second one is quotgynoid,quot i.e., the shape of the low