Acaricidal effect of biofabricated silver nanoparticles using Calotropis procera and Lantana camara leaf extract on Rhipicephalus microplus ticks of cattle

Abstract

newline The study was carried out from January, 2020 to December, 2020. To study the newlineepidemiology of Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation on cattle population of Mathura, a newlinetotal of 1005 cattle were examined. The overall prevalence of ticks among cattle was recorded newline61.89%. Age wise maximum prevalence was reported in animals of less than 1 year age group newline(75%). Prevalence among female animals (66.80%) was found higher as compared to male newline(49.10%). Breed wise prevalence revealed that cross bred (83.10%) animals were more newlinesusceptible than indigenous breed of cattle (53.03%). Season wise highest and lowest newlineprevalence was reported in monsoon season (80.15%) and winter season (38.95%) newlinerespectively. newlineTo study the epidemiology of piroplasms infection in cattle population of Mathura, a newlinetotal of 215 blood samples were collected. The overall prevalence of piroplsms among cattle newlinewas recorded 34.41%. Age wise maximum prevalence was reported in animals of less than 1 newlineyear age group (45.20%). Breed wise prevalence revealed that cross bred (59.75%) animals newlinewere more susceptible than indigenous breed of cattle (18.79%). Season wise highest and newlinelowest prevalence was reported in monsoon season (54.00%) and winter season (17.64%) newlinerespectively. Out of 74 samples examined 31.16% samples were positive for Theileria sp. and newline3.25% for Babesia sp. newlineMolecular detection of Babesia bigemina was done in R. microplus ticks of cattle newlinebased on 18S rRNA gene, a band of 448 bp was amplified by the primer pair that has been newlineobserved upon 1.5% agarose gel. B. bigemina subjected to phylogenetic analysis revealed that newlineB. bigemina of Mathura isolate had similarity with Sri Lanka and Vietnam isolates. newlineTo study the acaricidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Calotropis newlineprocera and Lantana camara against R. microplus tick, Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and newlineLarval Packet Test (LPT) were performed. The percent inhibition of oviposition (IO %) was newlinerecorded maximum for ethanolic extract of C. procera (100%) at 100 mg/ml concentration and newlinelowest for aqueous L. camara extract (17.33%) at 6.25 mg/ml concentration. The maximum newlinelarval mortality (75.99%) was recorded for ethanolic extract of C. procera at 100 mg/ml newlineconcentration and lowest mortality (14.11%) recorded for aqueous extract of L. camara at 6.25 newlinemg/ml concentration. newline To study the acaricidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of C. procera newlineand L. camara against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks, Adult Immersion Test (AIT) was newlineperformed. The % inhibition of oviposition (IO %) was recorded maximum for C. procera leaf newlineextract synthesized silver nanoparticles (70.14%) at 50 µg/ml concentration and lowest for L. newlinecamara leaf extract synthesized AgNPs (14.66%) at 3.125 µg/ml concentration. UV- vis newlinespectrum were recorded at 440 nm and 445 nm for AgNPs synthesized using C. procera and L. newlinecamara leaf extracts respectively. The TEM micrographs of C. procera synthesized AgNPs newlinerevealed size in range of 6-15 nm and nanoparticles were rounded to subspherical in shape and newlineL. camara synthesized AgNP revealed size in range of 20-40 nm and nanoparticles were of newlineangular to oval in shape.