Surface engineering of titanium in orthopaedics strategies to enhance bioactivity and corrosion resistance

Abstract

newline The biomaterials are used in developing various applications such as newlinetissue engineering, drug delivery, dental and ortho care and cardiovascular newlinemedical devices. The supreme significant properties of biomaterials to be newlinecautiously analyzed and studied are elastic modulus, yield strength, tensile newlinestrength, corrosion, fatigue resistance and hardness. The metallic implants are newlinecategorized as the main integral part of bone implantation. Titanium is the newlinemost popular metal with the combination of Young s modulus, strength and newlinebiocompatibility that works excellent in orthopedic implants to heal newlinemusculoskeletal disorder. Commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) is the newlinefrequently used titanium metal in biomedical applications. The challenging newlinedrawback of titanium implants is that they continue to be bioinert with the newlineoccurrence of the passive film on the surface. The introduction of newlinenanotechnology for the surface modification in titanium to convert the surface newlinefrom bioinert to bioactive is highly welcomed. Electrochemical anodization is newlineseemly to be the appropriate method for tailoring topographies with newlinenanophases. The parameters can be electrochemically altered to bring a newlinematured growth in nanosurfaces to improve the conductivity and biological newlineactivities required for orthopedics.