Amine based bifunctional ionic liquids for the solvent extraction of Nd III Sm III and Eu III and Aliquat 336 Glycerol DES for the separation studies of Nd Fe and Sm Co

Abstract

Title of the thesis Amine based bifunctional ionic liquids for the solvent extraction newlineof Nd(III), Sm(III) and Eu(III) and Aliquat 336-Glycerol DES for the separation newlinestudies of Nd/Fe and Sm/Co newlineApplications of rare earths in the development of tech era are everywhere. These newlineare essential components of contemporary technology, from smart devices, cutting-edge newlinecomputers, to sophisticated high-tech instruments. Rare earths are often considered as newlinecritical metals for their increasing demand and limited supply which calls for adopting newlinenovel and green pathways for their extraction by environmental-friendly extractants such newlineas bifunctional ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. In the current work, novel newlineextraction measures have been followed for quantitative extraction and separation of rare newlineearths and transition metals. In the first part of the study, bi-functional ionic liquids newline[TOA-D2], [TOAH]+ newline[OHex]- newline, and [TOAH]+ newline[ODec]- newlineand Ali-Gly DES have been newlinesynthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR. Thermophysical properties like newlinedensity, dielectric constant and refractive index of the extractants have been recorded in newlinethe temperature range 298 to 328 K. The extraction of Nd(III), Sm(III) and Eu(III) have newlinebeen performed in the presence of an aquo-complexing agent EDTA. The extraction newlineefficiency of the bifunctional ionic liquids and DES has been assessed by studying the newlineimpact of several influential parameters such as shaking time, pH of the aqueous feed, newlineEDTA concentration, organic-to-aqueous phase volume ratio, diluents and temperature. newlineThe complexation of the metal species has been analyzed by performing speciation newlineanalysis, FTIR analysis and slope analysis. The changes in standard enthalpy and newlinestandard entropy have been calculated using the Van t Hoff equation. Error analysis has newlinebeen done by calculating standard deviation and standard error in order to test the newlinevalidity of the results obtained. Complete separation of Nd/Fe and Sm/Co has been newlineachieved under multiple extraction conditions in