An Efficient Routing Protocol for VANET

Abstract

A report by World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that 1.2 million people die because ofroad accidents every year(World Health Organization, 2015). This is an alarming situation and requires immediate action to improve the safety measures in the vehicular industry. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) can link the gap between the traditional and the current vehicular industry by automating interactions between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) andvehicle to infrastructure (V2I). Following the direction of ITS, vehicle manufacturing industry has initiated the invention of vehicles with improved technologies such as GPS navigation system, processing units, and the wireless interface. Further, byimplementing these technologies, the vehicles can communicate either directly or through road side units (RSUs) and form a network known as vehicular Ad hocnetwork (VANET). In today sscenario, the VANET is considered as one of the best networking systems offeringimproved safety measurements for passengers as well as pedestrians. In VANET, each vehicle can act as a router to pass the messages to other vehicles moving in its range. Apart from thesafety applications, VANET can also provide a number of services such as availability of parking space and information about traffic jams.The concept of smart cities along with ITS makes the VANET a vital topic of research nowadays. However, the high speed of vehicles, larger network size, and dense/sparse network connectivity make the VANET a challenging class of Ad hoc network. There are several open issues in VANETs and routing is one of the important aspects of concern. A number of routing protocols have been presented from the commencement of VANET in this study. Most of the protocols follow the greedy forwarding technique to forward the data without considering the fact of interference, which may result in performance degradation on the real test bed. Usage of the infrastructure is also restricted in the existing protocols. Thus, an efficient routing protocol must ensure the solution