Studies on Avian Fauna of Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

newline Avian species assume a pivotal ecological role within ecosystems and contribute significantly to the human experience through the provision of vital ecological services, including pest control and pollination. Additionally, birds possess cultural and recreational significance for humanity. Wetlands, identified as indispensable habitats for a plethora of avian taxa, function as both breeding grounds and crucial stopover points during migration. The preservation of wetlands is imperative, not only for the perpetuation of avian populations but also for the preservation of overall equilibrium of ecosystem. The comprehension of the intricate interdependencies among birds, wetlands, and human well-being underscores the imperative nature of conserving these habitats to uphold biodiversity and ensure the stability of ecological systems. newlineA comprehensive and meticulous investigation into the avifaunal diversity of the Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary situated in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh was undertaken over an extended duration from July 2021 to June 2023. Pong Lake was formed by constructing an Earthen Management Dam across the Beas River, which was completed in 1975-1976. In 1983, the Himachal Pradesh Government declared this wetland a Wildlife (Bird) Sanctuary. Additionally, it gained global recognition as a Ramsar Site in 2002, signifying its global significance. Pong reservoir spans from latitude 310 49/ 50// to 320 14/ 36// N and longitude 750 53/ 31// to 760 17/ 53// E, covering 207.59 sq. km. Positioned up to 1410 ft. above sea level, it extends across Nurpur and Dehra Forest divisions. The current avifaunal study in the area used Stratified Random Sampling technique. The observations occurred during early morning and late evening, within 1 or 2 hours after the sunrise and before the sunset, using field binoculars, a Field Scope, and a digital camera. Standardized field guides, handbooks, and authenticated avian databases were employed for avifauna identification.