Low cost Copper Metal Electrodes For Large area Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite Solar cells (PSCs) are a fast-emerging photovoltaic technology which have newlinemany advantages over the traditional Si solar cells. A thin layer of perovskite structures works newlinewell as the light-harvesting active layer of a solar cell because they absorb light efficiently and newlineare much cheaper than silicon. PSCs can also be integrated into devices using relatively simple newlineequipment. For instance, most of layers in PSCs can be fabricated by using a simple solution newlineprocess technique. PSCs are becoming potential candidates to overcome the huge demand of newlinerenewable energy in future. At present, PSCs are generally fabricated over an active area much newlinesmaller than 1 cm2. The high-efficiency devices reported in the literature have a working area newlineof ~0.1 cm2. Future research direction should be aimed at modifying the existing technology newlineto enable the fabrication of large-area devices without compromising much on the efficiency. newlineGenerally, PSC fabrication employs gold as a contact electrode with a thickness of about 80 newlinenm. However, gold contact electrode is expensive and creates severe obstacles for scaling up newlinethe perovskite fabrication. Likewise, for fabricating low-cost semi-transparent PSCs, newlinereplacement of costly indium tin oxide (ITO) layer is essential.