Studies On Isolation And Identification Of Weeds And Weed Pathogens Of Paddy Field In Devarapalli Mandal Of West Godavari District Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

Paddy is the most important crop in the study area, as many people consume rice as a staple food. Paddy cultivation is a significant source of income for farmers in the region. The high demand for rice not only ensures food security but also drives the local economy. Paddy fields are infested with various types of weeds. These weeds are infested with a variety of fungal pathogens. Some diseased weeds are beneficial, and some are harmful. Diseased weeds can produce different secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites can have both positive and negative effects on the surrounding ecosystem. Some of these metabolites have been found to have potential medicinal properties, while others can be toxic to other plants or animals. Therefore, understanding the diversity and effects of these secondary metabolites is crucial for managing weed infestations in paddy fields effectively. Most natural compounds produced from plant sources have indeed been utilized to cure different diseases in humans. From ancient times, plants and animal-based pharmaceuticals have been utilized in India, China, Japan, Egypt, and Greece, and some contemporary pharmaceuticals have been produced from them. The bioactive compounds act as natural antioxidants which exhibit free radical scavenging activities due to the presence of catechol s, flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, carotenoids. Thereby, antioxidants are involved in the reduction of reactive oxygen species which cause oxidative damage to organs. The connection between man and his search for pharmaceuticals in nature extends back to the ancient history, as evident by many written archives, protected sites, and even distinctive treatments. Modern research has identified their interactive action and also has merged into modern pharmacotherapy, as well as variety of drugs derived from natural resources acknowledged by historical advancements, and used on a regular basis. Natural compounds are referred as chemical substances synthesized by living organisms especially as secondary metabo