A Study On Out Of Pocket Health Expenditure Of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases In Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India

Abstract

This thesis consists of eight chapters. Chapter I, II, III and V consists of introduction, review of Literature, research methodology and profile of the study area with health scenario of the study area respectively. There are three core chapters i.e., chapter IV, VI and VII followed by conclusions and summary in the VIII chapter. Chapter IV deals with the relationship between public health expenditures and economic performance of 22 countries was explored from the World Bank data base. Healthcare spending can lead to better health opportunities which can strengthen human capital and increase productivity, contributing to economic growth. Considering these potential benefits, universal healthcare deserves additional research. The primary data was collected in Visakhapatnam with a sample size of 400 Out - Patient Department (OPD) patients from government and private hospitals. Chapter VI deals with the socio economic conditions of the patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and with both DM and CVDs by evaluating their education, the income they earn and the type of job and the area of residence. Apart from these parameters some other parameters such as the age of the patients, no of family members in the house, the health habits of the patients, the type of health care they seek, purchase of medicines, monthly out-of-pocket health expenditure of DM patients, CVD patients and patients suffering from both DM and CVDs, the total monthly out-of-pocket health expenditure of the patients were evaluated by using some statistical tools such as mean, mode and median. Chapter VII deals with the out-of-pocket health expenditure of DM patients and CVD patients. Statistical techniques like F-test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA were used in order to determine whether there is any significant difference between the average out-of-pocket-health expenditure of DM patients, CVD patients and patients suffering from both DM and CVDs and also the average total out-of-pocket-health expenditure of DM patients, CV