Changing mountain landscapes the case of Sainj river valley Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

Mountains are by definition areas of high elevation and steep slopes. They are characterized by high biological and cultural diversity because of the diversity of habitats that they offer. Himalayas are storage and provider of fresh water to large numbers of people. Several perennial rivers forming huge river basins originate from it. The Indus River system is the largest, with River Beas being a tributary. Sainj River is a major tributary of Beas River which is the study area of the present work. Sainj River originates from Supa Kuni, a high peak situated on the boundary of Spiti valley and meet Beas at Larjee. In the recent past that they have exhibited signs of human pressure in the form of deforestation, increased building activity (roads, urban areas etc.), dam building and enhanced tourist activity. The area came under immense developmental pressure after the 1970 s decade when Himachal Pradesh was accorded statehood. The designation of an area as a National Park or a Protected Area is an acknowledgement of the precarious balance that exists in the relationship between man and nature in that particular area. In this light the present study delved into this mountain landscape, Sainj River Valley as study area for seeking the nature of transformation it has undergone, the drivers of change therein and the impact of conservation measures taken to correct the imbalance created and also, the study is helpful in taking further planning decisions for the area. It assesses spatial and temporal patterns of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), identifies drivers of change, and evaluates the role of the Great Himalayan National Park in promoting sustainability and well-being. Overall, the research emphasizes responsible tourism, community engagement, and conservation efforts to maintain the delicate ecological balance of the Sainj River Valley, providing valuable insights for sustainable development. The study is crucial for addressing the balance between natural resources and development in the mountain landscapes.