Effect of Allelopathy of Parthenium hysterophorous L and Lantana Camara L on Phaseolus radiatus L with special reference to Morphological aspects

Abstract

The term Allelopathy is usually used when the effect is harmful but it can apply to beneficial effect. Allelopathy is nothing new. The term is attributed to an Austrian professor Hans. Molisch who kind it in his 1937 book The effect of plant on each other. Allelopathy means the biological interactions among plants and with microorganisms. Allelochemicals non-nutritional chemicals produced by plants due to which germination, growth, of other plants is decreased adverse effects on other plants is due to phytotoxic compounds leached from the plant parts. Parthenium hysterophorus L. belongs to family Asteraceae which is known as congress grass entered in India between the 1950s and 1960s in conjunction with foreign food imported from the USA. Lantana camara L. is a significance weed Lantana is a native from the tropical region of central and south America Lantana is a heavily branched shrub species name- Lantana camara L. family Verbenaceae Lantana camara is known as big sage [Malaysia]. Parthenium hysterophorus L.and Lantana camara L. both plants are found in our country widely and both plants have no use they are growing everywhere mainly near the crop fields. The leaf and shoot of these plants is collected and then dried up at the room temperature chopped in small pieces dried and crushed in mixture grinder after that the Parthenium hysterophorus L and Lantana camara L. both plant extract is taken equally 500 gm each Parthenium hysterophorus L and Lantana camara L.extract is mixed and soaked in 5 liter distilled water so that it can easily imbibe in distilled water easily for 24 hours after 24 hours by the help of a muslin cloth the aqueous extract is taken out then following concentration of extract is prepared with distilled water and Amrut Jal the concentration are as follows 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% distilled water and Amrut Jal used as control. In this research work the Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Lantana camara L. both plants is taken and the aqueous extract is mixed in different concentration with distilled