Design and analysis of photonic crystal fibers for various applications

Abstract

In recent times, many researchers have to design PCF-SPR sensors newlinebecause, these sensors offer high sensitivity, structural reduction, robustness, newlinefabrication flexibility and lower cost. A popular and practical numerical newlinetechnique for effectively analysing PCF with various geometrical structures is newlinethe Finite Element Method (FEM). The performance of the biosensor is newlineevaluated by its resolution, wavelength and amplitude sensitivity. newlineThe first work investigated the effect of ellipticity on birefringence in a newlinerectangular PCF having elliptical air holes with single and double defects newlineusing FEM simulation. A significant amount of birefringence is required for newlinenumerous applications and circumstances where light must be maintained newlinelinearly polarized. It is reported that birefringence increased with the increase newlineof ellipticity. Influence of pitch on birefringence was also investigated. A newlinefinite element analysis of biosensor based Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fibre newline(DC-PCF) constructed using SPR model has been presented in the second newlinework. Gold is the suitable plasmonic material compared with silver, because it newlinehas high resonance peak shift. Therefore, the proposed biosensor shall be able newlineto detect the low refractive index biochemical analyte at different newlinewavelengths. newline Switching convalescent plasma as a viable treatment for COVID-19, newlinewhich has raised significant concern, has garnered increasing attention. So, a newlinefeasible, unique sensor-based PCF to quantify blood plasma has been newlineproposed in the third work, where the samples for analysis have been injected, newlinein varying quantities, into the appropriate cavities of the PCF, which acted as newlinea liquid core. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as a plasmonic material has opened a newlinenew window for IR based fibre sensors; it also enables feasible light newlinelaunching and less confinement loss compared with the visible range newline