Phytochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using piper nigrum seed extract for electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic activity

Abstract

newline Revolution of nanotechnology to fabricate several nanoparticles has newlinemanifested significant commercial application in several fields like newlineenvironmental science, agriculture, medicine, electrical, pharmaceutical, newlinebiological, biotechnology, food processing, reproduction, pharmacology and newlinemuch more. The materials with nano dimensions exhibit properties which are newlinedifferent from those of atoms and bulk materials. Nanomaterials show entirely newlinedifferent properties when compared to their bulk form. They exhibit different newlineoptical, mechanical, electrical, catalytic and magnetic properties. Important newlinecriteria for the synthesis of nanoparticles are control over size, shape and newlinevarious properties of nanoparticles. newlineEven though, there are several methods available for nanoparticle newlinesynthesis, the major drawbacks noticed for the physical method is the newlineinvolvement of high pressure and temperature whereas for the chemical newlinemethod suffers from the drawback that it utilizes toxic chemicals, and in newlineaddition, capping and stabilizing agents are needed. The conventional newlinemethods used for the production of nanoparticles via physical and chemical, newlineand hybrid technique may result in the formation of toxic by-products. Even newlinethough, conventional methods can produce nanoparticles in large quantities in newlinea shorter time these techniques are complicated, costly, and inefficient. newlineRecently, green technology involving plants, microorganisms and viruses are newlineused for the synthesis of environmentally friendly nanoparticles as an newlinealternative to the conventional method. Amongst the green methods itself, the newlinegreen synthesis of nanoparticle from plants are more stable, and can obtain newlinedesirable shape and size of nanoparticle when compared to nanoparticle newlinesynthesized from other microorganisms.