Intelligent controllers for constant power flow from renewable energy sources to grid

Abstract

newline The demand for electrical energy shows a rapid increase in the newlinepresent scenario and conventional sources including oil, petroleum, coal, and newlineother energy by-products face a tremendous depletion. Moreover, these newlinesources create detrimental effects on greenhouse gas emissions and newlineenvironmental conditions leading to ecosystem imbalance. Subsequently, the newlinenecessity for energy is not fulfilled with existing conventional energy sources. newlineThis paves the way for opting for non-conventional energy sources which are newlineregarded as alternate options for meeting the demand of the world. These newlinerenewable energy sources are dependable, environmentally responsible, and newlineclean of energy generation. newlineSolar and wind are considered the prominent forms of renewable newlineenergy that are available abundantly in nature. These sources possess various newlinemerits but get affected only by the natural and seasonal climatic condition newlinevariations. The change in wind speed affects the wind system output while newlinesolar energy provides efficient output only during the summer season. newlineHenceforth, hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources is newlinepreferred for a continuously balanced supply. It provides the uninterrupted newlinegeneration of energy and generates effective outputs. Due to its benefits such newlineas improved speed characteristics and increased real and reactive power, the newlineDoubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is often used in Wind Turbines newline(WT). In DFIG, the appropriate polarization current at rotor windings is newlineprovided by two converters named Grid Side Converter (GSC) and Rotor Side newlineConverter (RSC). Maintaining constant voltage at the DC link is carried out newlineby GSC, however, reactive power gets expelled under certain conditions. In newlinesuch cases, the necessary polarization current is provided by the RSC for newlinecreating reactive and desired real power at the terminals of the stator.