Design and development of alloherbal formulation of glimepiride by self microemulsifying drug delivery system

Abstract

quotBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, and if left untreated, it can lead to numerous complications. Globally, over 400 million people are affected by this condition, which is associated with a range of complications, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Current Diabetes mellitus treatment with allopathic drugs has not shown controls over complications which are linked to oxidative stress and inflammation and needs a conjugative therapy of herbal drugs for effective management of this disease. newline newlineAim: The goal of this study was to create and assess a novel Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) for the effective management of diabetes mellitus that contains glimepiride and Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA, a semi-synthetic resin extract from plant Boswellia serrata) newline newlineMaterials and Methods: In the creation of SMEDDS formulations, Transcutol-P was employed as the base oil, while the surfactants Tween 80 and Propylene Glycol/Polyethylene Glycol 400 served as the co-surfactants. To improve the formulation, Pseudoternary phase diagrams were created. newline newlineResults and Discussion: While the Glimepiride optimized SMEDDS showed a mean droplet size of 14.8 nm, 98.5% transmittance, a zeta potential of -0.10 mV, the SMEDDS of AKBA showed a mean droplet size of 27.63 nm, 98.3% transmittance, a zeta potential of -0.11 mV. In-vivo evaluation on diabetes-induced rats demonstrated significant reductions in SGOT and SGPT levels with the Glimepiride and AKBA SMEDDS as compared to diabetic control rats and the marketed Glimepiride formulation. Additionally, the formulation showed promising results in controlling serum total protein, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. The Glimepiride and AKBA SMEDDS also exhibited antioxidant activity, reducing Malondialdehyde (MDA) absorbance. Histopathological assessment of kidney and pancreas tissues revealed the protective effects of the concomitant administration