Investigations on design of Knowledge driven dwdm system for fwm mitigation

Abstract

Recent evolution in the telecommunication sector seeks, newlinetremendous data rate, and ultra-speed internet connectivity, leads to higher newlinenetwork traffic. Applications such as ultra-high-definition (UHD) quality newlinevideos, Internet of Things (IoT), High-volume data nodes, and 5G technology newlinedemands huge requirements that challenges the network efficiency. Copper newlinewire devices fail to meet the end-user requirements such as high-level newlinenetwork connectivity and wider bandwidth. On the other hand, an efficient newlineFiber optic technology enables ultra-speed, long haul, wider bandwidth newlinecapacity and supports these applications. In fiber optic, EDFA performs newlineamplification of multiple lightwave signals, which increases bandwidth newlinerequirements, network traffic rate, and increases the transmission channel newlinecapacity. In the DWDM system, increase in channels and the transmission newlinedistance, leads to fiber nonlinearities and dispersion effects limiting, system newlineperformance. Deployment of DWDM technology multiplexing many optical newlinesignals into the single fiber, thereby increases the system capacity and shows newlinebetter data transmission. However, it introduces more nonlinearity detriments newlinesuch as dispersion and fiber nonlinearity that degrades the DWDM system newlineperformance. Chromatic dispersion (CD) highly depends on signal phase shift newlineand limits the reliability of the optical system design. Fiber nonlinearity newlineoccurs due to an electro-optical conversion issue called the Kerr effect and newlineincreases due to deviations in the refractive index of the optical fiber on newlinetransmitter input power. In linear data transmission, the input signals are newlinehighly interrupted by various noises, resulting in channel capacities, and newlineincrease in transmission power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The newlinedeteriorations due to Kerr effect introduces nonlinear distortions, affecting newlineoptimal launching power and decreasing transmission capacity. In singlechannel newlineWDM systems, nonlinear effects such as Intra self and cross-phase newlinemodulation (ISandCPM) and intra-channel four-wave mixing (IFWM) are newlinecompensated using nonlinearity compensation (NLC) methods. In DWDM newlinesystems, co-propagation of the signal transmission in the adjacent channel newlinecauses more inter-channel nonlinear distortions such as four-wave mixing, newlinecross-polarization modulation (XPolM), and cross-phase modulation (XPM). newlineDense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is the exact newlinetechnology, which meets the requirements of rapid growth applications in newlineoptical communication. The channel capacity can be increased by introducing newlinemore channels or by increasing the data rate. Meanwhile, this increase has newlinesignificant limitations, such as less channel spacing and consumption of more newlineinput power to transmit data. newline newline