A numerical investigation on Darcy Forchheimer flow and thermal analysis of non Newtonian nanofluids hybrid nanofluids

Abstract

The study of heat transfer is important industrially for finding the quality of final product with desired characteristics which greatly depends on the rate of heat transfer/the rate of cooling between fluid and deformed surface during heating and/or cooling involved in manufacturing processes such as hot rolling, wire drawing, polymeric extrusion and glass fibre production etc. To date, the lack of abundant energy resources due to above extensive applications in engineering and industries raises a ubiquitous need for researchers to investigate different heat transfer amelioration techniques. newlineIt is a fact that conventional fluids such as water, engine oil, kerosene oil, and ethylene oil, etc. possess very small heat transport capabilities due to their lower thermal conductance. Thermal conductance of above mentioned conventional fluids can be improved via suspension of nano-sized (1-100 nm) particles, known as nanoparticles. Nanoparticles exist in various varieties such as metal, carbides, nanometals or nitrides, nanotubes (CNTs). When nanoparticles mingled with base fluid, it leads to the development of novel fluid known as nanofluid or mono nanofluid (MNF). In fact, MNFs can provide either higher thermal conductivity or better stability. However, most of the engineering applications require a trade-off among the several characteristics of MNFs. A new kind of fluid called hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is developed to harvest the blend of favorable features of various nanoparticles in a single fluid. The hybrid nanomaterials are acknowledged more suitable than ordinary nanoliquids. It is no doubt due to the synergic effect between nanoparticles thermal properties, the HNFs with superior flow behaviour, thermophysical properties (high thermal conductivity), better chemical inertness, stability and heat transfer characteristics than that of MNFs has attracted attention of many researchers. The HNFs are used in a range of heat transfer applications include heat exchangers, heat sinks, heat pipes, photovoltaic modules,