Fabrication of Binder Free Ternary Transition Metal Composite Electrodes for Faradaic Supercapacitors

Abstract

To address the continuously rising worldwide need for energy and also to protect the environment, researchers are compelled to focus on alternative sustainable energy sources by developing high-performance energy conversion systems and storage devices. Owing to the merits suchas lower cost, portability, large-scale commercial ability and long term stability of electrochemical energy storage devices (EESs), extensive research has been carried out in major types of EESs likely batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Despite the enlarged commercialized state of batteries, research and development (R and D) on SCs are growing exponentially due to their increased power density, ability to store charge/discharge quickly, and lengthened stable cyclability. In recent days, to attain sufficient improvement in cell voltage value, dissimilar electrodes are being used (Hybrid SCs (HSCs)) with the utilization of redox-type cathodes and EDLC type anode known as Faradaic SCs (FSCs). FSCs are considered to be the emerging technology that bridges the void between conventional batteries and SCs, which are also environmentally benign, have thermal stability, chemical stability, are less heavy, and are low-cost. The enlargement in charge storage performance and energy density value of FSCs can be majorly triggered by the influence of efficient electrode material viz optimized potential window and cell voltage. At present, transition metal-based electrodes are being appealing due to their high electrical conductivity, redox activity and tunability and numerous RandDs are centered on binary and ternary transition metal hydroxides, oxides, sulfides, etc., optimization and advancement towards improved FSCs performance. This doctoral dissertation potentially prospects the systematic honing and development of various high-performing transition metal derivatives electrodes, such as binary CuO, Co3O4, ternary (Cu,Co)2(CO3)OH2, CuCo2O4, and CuCo2S4 as cathodes for FSC application. The fabrications of electrodes were achieved through binder-free, ra