Synthesis and Characterisation of Carbon Nanomaterials and their Composites for UV Photosensing Application

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is non-ionising radiation primarily absorbed by the ozone layer. Even then, UV has extensive effects on human lives. Vitamin D is produced in the human body by UV exposure. Vitamin D fortifies the immune system, bones, and muscles. Additionally, it may reduce the risk of certain cancers, such as colon cancer. UV is essential to the survival of many animals and plants in addition to humans. Animals like birds, bees, and reptiles can detect near-ultraviolet light to locate flowers, ripe fruits, and seeds that stand out from the background. UV can be utilised for sterilisation and disinfection. However, prolonged UV exposure is harmful to the human body. Sunburn results from too much time in the sun, and long exposure to ultraviolet radiation also causes premature ageing and skin cancer. Scientists have discovered that sunburn can alter the number and function of white blood cells for up to twenty-four hours after exposure. newlineSun exposure is a known human carcinogen and can cause various types of skin cancer. Snow blindness, also known as photokeratitis, occurs when the cornea, the transparent outer layer of the eye, is burned by exposure to ultraviolet light that is either prolonged or intense. Even though the ozone layer absorbs most UV rays, there have been signs of concern in recent years. The ozone holes and ozone layer depletion increased the amount of UV light that penetrated the atmosphere. Ozone holes form due to ozone-depleting substances such as CH4, N4O, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emitted by air conditioners and refrigerators, fire extinguishers, and jet fuel accumulate. In addition to natural UV sources, such as the sun, an increasing number of people are also exposed to artificial UV sources, such as commerce, industry, and leisure. UV exposure has contributed to the recent rise in skin cancer incidence. UV light is also responsible for the degradation of consumer products. It shows even more clearly that a suitable UV sensor is required. To be considered a good sensor, the