Assessment of Quality of Water and Soil by Analytical Techniques and Advanced Technical Tools in and Around Koppal City Karnataka State India

Abstract

Pollutants are accumulating gradually in the underground water and the degradation of groundwater quality is chiefly by the hydro-geochemical properties that give from the versatile connections with geology, hydrogeology, landscape, topography, drainage systems, hydro-meteorology, and manmade activities, which directly changes the quality of groundwater. The aim of the study was to apply geospatial technologies, GWQI, IGWQI and multi-criteria analysis decision appraisal in groundwater potential mapping. Trace metal analysis and Soil quality also included to understand the interpretation and its variability at a larger scale. The study highlights conventional and modern tools and techniques for interpreting ground water quality. First an overview of state-of-the-art tools and techniques adopted for the evaluation of ground water quality. Thereafter, a case study is discussed and demonstrating a comprehensive technique for the appraisal of groundwater quality of selected location in and around the Koppal city, Karnataka State, India. newlineThe current study was conducted for a period of two years with seasonal variation. random sampling design was considered and collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for a period of two years (March 2018 to February 2020). APHA standard methods used for the analysis of physico-chemical variables and trace metal of groundwater samples for all the 50 samples, the results of 16 different parameter were mapped using Arc-GIS 10.3 Software and also two-year average seasonal variation in ground water quality are matched for accessibility of drinking purpose recommended by WHO, BIS and ISI. The soils were collected from 50 different locations; the field soil contains textures of sandy loam, black cotton and clay loam. One-time soil samples were analyzed to determine Bulk density, EC, NPK, and pH. SOC was determined by the Walkley-Black method and Index was calculated. newlineWater quality is appraised using hydro-geochemical methods, advanced methods likes remote sensing with GI