Diversity and significance of cyanobacteria in river ganga at kanpur

Abstract

The formation of Earth took place about 4.5 billion year ago and the life originated around newline4 billion years ago in the primitive oceans. So, water is an essential element for all life forms newlinebecause about 70-90% of living organisms are composed of water. It has already been known that newlinethe rivers, lakes and pond etc. are the natural repositories of freshwaters and are perennial source newlinefor the living organisms. Historically, the all great civilizations arose near or along the banks of newlinerivers. Although, even today the majority of urban development has occurred in those cities who newlineare situated on or near the banks of rivers. newlineThe River Ganga is one of the most ancient and significant river of India and has served as newlinethe cradle of India civilization. There are several cities, towns and villages are situated on or near newlinethe banks of River Ganga. Kanpur is a densely populated city of North India and famous for its newlineleather industries. Since the beginning of time, the Ganga River has served as the primary source newlineof drinking water for the people who live in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Urbanization and newlineindustrialization are the foremost factors of pollution, as after use the water is discharged into the newlineimmediate surrounding and drained into the lotic waters of rivers. The complexion of river Ganga newlinebetween Bithoor Ghat to Jajmau Ghat is peculiar as bulk of the river in this stretch. Bithoor Ghat newlinetraverses through agricultural belt and then after from Rani Ghat to Jajmau Ghat are highly newlineurbanized and industrialized part. As such in the agricultural zone the river receives agricultural newlinewash-outs of pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers etc. but domestic and industrial effluents are newlineimpregnated at Kanpur city. Thus, the river water is eutrophic with organic and inorganic newlinepollution coupled with algal and Cyanobacterial infestations. newline