A prospective study on the prevalence of heart diseases in asymptomatic mothers attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital in the outskirts of chennai

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Pregnant women are a unique group of individuals whose heart function may be impacted or modified by natural changes, especially during the latter stages of the gestational period. Hemodynamic alterations also takes place during and after delivery. Approximately 10% of maternal obstetric fatalities are attributed to cardiac problems. Fetal echocardiography is conducted between 22 and 26 weeks of gestation to assess for congenital cardiac abnormalities in moms with preexisting heart conditions. Numerous disorders, including cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease (CAD), and specific individual ailments, are not estimated to be prevalent in the pregand#7751;ant population. newlineMETHODS: This is a prospective cross sectional study conducted among 300 antenatal women attending OG OPD of Chettinad Medical College and hospital who were selected based on inclusion criteria. A detailed history, clinical examination and echo screening were done. Cardiology opinion was obtained if diagnosed with heart disease. The heart diseases were classified into four major groups- congenital, rheumatic, cardiomyopathy, and CAD. Depending on the type of heart disease necessary intervention will be advised. newlineRESULTS: The average age of the research volunteers was 26.15 + 3.58. The maximum age group was 36 years and the minimum age group was 18 Years. Out of 300 participants, 270 (90 %) were belongs to low socio economic status and around 259 (86.3%) were booked their pregnancy, 176 (58.7%) were Primi gravida. Regarding ECHO findings The mean ejection fraction was 64.86 + 2.93%, minimum ejection fraction reported was 62% and maximum was 85%. Left ventricular functions was normal for all the participants. Mild MR was seen among 5 (1.7%) participants, Mitral stenosis was seen among 5 (1.7%) participants. Regarding Tricuspid valve ECHO finding, 13 (4.3%) had mild tricuspid regurgitation, 2 (0.7%) had mild PAH. There is no significance difference seen between gravida and heart disease. Booked participants was seen significantly high in participants without heart disease when distinguished to participant with cardiac disease with the p value of less than 0.05. (28.3%) had Lower segment Cesarian section and 215(71.7%) had normal vaginal delivery. NICU admission was seen equally in participants with and without heart disease with the p value of more than 0.05. newlineCONCLUSION: One of the leading factor responsible in maternal, preterm, and perinatal mortality is still pregnancy-related heart disease. Once a pregand#7751;ant patient seeks medical attention, risk stratification is completed, and patients in the low-risk group have their pregnancies continued while those in the high-risk group are adviced necessary interventions sometimes medical termination of pregnancy.Keywords: heart disease, cardiomyopathy, ejection fraction, mitral stenosis newline