Extraction Phytochemical Structural Elucidation and Pharmacological Screening of Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants

Abstract

Phytochemical evaluation, structural elucidation and pharmacological screening of Achyranthes aspera newlineand Amaranthus spinosus is studied. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to check and newlineidentify active constituents of the hydro alcoholic extract of Achyranthes aspera and Amaranthus newlinespinosus (Leaves), such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids, Saponins and newlinetannins. Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids and Cardiac glycosides are found present in hydroalcoholic newlineextracts of both the plants. newlineImmunomodulatory studies of the isolated compound, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7- dihydroxy-3-[(2S, newline3R, 4S, 5S, 6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] oxychromen-4-one and 2-[[17-[(E)-5- newlineethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1Hcyclopentaphenanthren -3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol newlinefrom Achyranthes aspera (IAA) and Amaranthus spinosus (IAS) respectively were conducted. Cellular newlineimmunity was carried out by neutrophil adhesion test and carbon clearance assay, whereas, humoral newlineimmunity was analyzed by mice lethality test and indirect haemagglutination assay. The results were newlineencouraging. The 5mg/kg doses of IAA and IAS as well as Levamisole reduced the mortality percentage newlineto 66.66% in mice lethality test. Isolated compound of Achyranthes aspera (IAA) and Amaranthus newlinespinosus (IAS) and Levamisole exhibited a substantial rise in the phagocytic index, indicating that newlinecolloidal carbon clearance from the blood increased following administration of these medications in newlineCarbon Clearance Test. Whereas the results of Neutrophil Adhesion Test reveal that the 5mg/kg dose of newline(IAS) was more efficacious than the 5mg/kg dose of (IAA). newlinexvi newlineHowever, Both the Isolates i.e. IAA and IAS exhibited similar protection in humoral immunity newlineprocedures. It is concluded that isolated compound of Achyranthes aspera (IAA) and Amaranthus newlinespinosus (IAS) possesses potential for augmenting immune activity by cellular and humoral mediated newlinemechanisms more at dose of (