Air Sea Interaction processes over the Indo Pacific region and its impacts on Indian Ocean

Abstract

The ocean and atmosphere are two interdependent systems. It is newlineobserved that a continuous exchange of heat, momentum, and freshwater newlinebetween these two systems results in complex feedback loops. For a better newlineunderstanding of the air-sea interaction processes, their mutual interaction newlinemust be examined thoroughly. The major coupled ocean-atmospheric newlinephenomena in the Indo-Pacific regions are Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) newlineand the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. newlineThe Indian Ocean is warmer in the eastern part and cooler in the newlinewestern part, unlike the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. In some newlineyears, the Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA) become alternately newlinecooler over the eastern part and warmer over the western part of the newlineequatorial Indian Ocean. This reversal in the SSTA between the eastern newlineparts of Indian Ocean is termed as Indian Ocean Dipole (Saji et al., 1999). newlineThe intensity of IOD is determined by an index called Dipole Mode Index newline(DMI). This is the SSTA difference between western (50 E:70 E and newline10 S:10 N) and eastern (90 E:110 E and 0 :10 N) boxes of IOD (Saji et.al, newline1999). Most of the years this Indian nino is co-occurred with El-Niño, an newlineoscillation in the tropical Pacific that profoundly impacts the global newlineclimate. The five-month means of SSTA in the Nino 3.4 region is higher newlinethan 0.5 C and it persist for at least six consecutive months; it is accepted newlineas an El-Niño event. The IOD and El-Niño events have a greater newlineinfluence on global climate. The present study aims to examine the air-sea newlineinteractions associated with these processes and their impacts over the newlineIndian Ocean. newline