Synthesis of Doped Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications

Abstract

Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide in an uncontrolled manner and invade nearby tissues. These cells can spread across the body through the blood and lymph systems. It starts when cells grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. According to the world health organization (WHO), cancer is a second leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Globally, one in every six deaths is caused by cancer. In many developing countries, more than quarter of deaths are attributed to cancer. Advanced technologies are required in many cases and ongoing research initiatives are not sufficient for the complete understanding of the disease and its control. Technological advances and ever increasing understanding of cancer make this field one of the most rapidly evolving areas of modern medicine. According to American Cancer Society (ACS), treatments of cancer differ considerably depending upon the site and stage of the tumour. It includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc. Hyperthermia is one of the earliest known therapies for cancer. From 1800 s, hyperthermia is used for the treatment of cancer. In hyperthermia a part of the human body such as certain organ or tissue or the whole body is heated between 41 °C to 45 °C for specific time. Traditionally, hyperthermia has been acknowledged for its curative capabilities for the treatment of malignancies. Hyperthermia is in general used in combination with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. An alternating magnetic field is used in the localized cancer therapy known as magnetic hyperthermia. In this therapy magnetic nanoparticles injected into the tumour region are excited by external AC magnetic field causing them to produce heat. An applied magnetic field on magnetic nanoparticles focuses directly on tumour-specific region causing controlled targeted heating of tumor cells while sparing the normal cells. The malignant cells stop functioning when the tumour