Frequency regulation in distributed power system using type 2 fuzzy pid controller

Abstract

newline The indeterminate characteristics of solar, wind sources and load makes modern AC microgrids highly complex and causes frequency fluctuations. It is very much required to maintain power equilibrium amongst generation and demand by planning a suitable frequency regulation controller. This dissertation mainly contributes in the area of frequency regulation of power systems by the application of soft computing techniques for secure, reliable and well balanced action of modern power system. A maiden application of a hybrid Harris Hawks Optimization and Pattern Search (hHHO-PS) based Type-2Fractional Order Fuzzy PID(T2FFOPID) controller for frequency control of an AC microgrid. Initially, a PID controller is considered and the effectiveness of hHHO-PS technique is compared with original Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) as well as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques. It is demonstrated that, with PD controller, the percentage reduction in objective function value with proposed hHHO-PS technique compared to GA, PSO, and HHO are 6.95%, 5.89%and 3.37% respectively. In the next stage superiority of proposed T2FFOPID over PID, Type-1 Fuzzy PID (T1FPID) and Fuzzy Fractional order PID (T1FFOPID) controller is demonstrated. The percentage reduction in objective function value with proposed T2FFOPID compared to PID, T1FPID and T1FOFPID are shown to be 64.76%, 52.79%and 50.51% respectively. It is shown that, the proposed control approach offers superior performance with different types renewable sources disturbances, increased renewable penetration as well as unavailability of renewable sources. A sensitivity analysis is conducted that evinces the robustness of the optimized T2FFOPID controller parameters to wide deviations in parameters of the system and it is noticed that the suggested controller is not required to be optimized again against changes in system parameters. Secondly, a maiden application of Sine Cosine adopted Improved Equilibrium Optimization (SCaIEO) Algorithm based Adaptive Type-2 Fuzzy PID (AT2FPID) controller for the frequency control of multi-area power systems. The performance of SCaIEO algorithm is tested by comparing it with the original Equilibrium Optimization (EO) as well as other similar algorithms considering various standard benchmark test functions. Further, the engineering application of the SCaIEO algorithm is performed by designing an AT2FPID controller for frequency regulation of the distributed system which consists of various renewal energy sources