Designing and Testing of a Three Phase AC Net Meter for V2G Application

Abstract

In today s scenario, the estimated exponential growth of Electric vehicles (EVs) has raised con- cerns about the spike in electricity demand. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology has emerged as an effective solution that enables the EV as a prospective energy source irrespective of time and atmospheric conditions. It connects the vehicle to the grid in two operating modes: charging and discharging or V2G mode. While charging, EV acts as an electric load and draws current from the grid. In contrast, in discharging mode, EV acts as an energy source and feeds the current back to the grid when needed. The idea benefits to balance the electric grid by supplying the energy back to the grid in peak demanding hours. Overall, it enhances grid performance by improving grid effi- ciency, stability, and reliability. Establishing the V2G application involves three elements amongst the bidirectional intelligent metering plays a significant role. However, the lack of bi-directional metering concerning EV users and service providers deters the V2G applicability in real. Hence, bi-directional metering equipment and infrastructure are developed for the V2G application. Firstly, the research aimed to design and develop a cost-effective Three-Phase AC Net Meter for easy acceptance of the V2G application in society. The Net Meter is developed at technology readiness level (TRL) 9 for V2G-enabled charging stations at levels 1 and 2. The compliance con- siders the automotive grade with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards to assure class 1 accuracy. C2000 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based TMS320F28069 micro- controller has reduced the cost involved with affecting the performance needed for the application. The prototype assures the automotive industry standards (AIS) for electromagnetic compatibility in the practical environment. In the software implementation, coherent sampling is adopted to iv compute Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT). The choice of coherent sampling has reduced the over- head involved