The Burden of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract infection by Candida albicans and non Candida albicans with emphasis on Biofilm formation

Abstract

newline THE BURDEN OF CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION newlineBY CANDIDA ALBICANS AND NON ALBICANS WITH EMPHASIS ON newlineBIOFILM FORMATION newlineINTRODUCTION: newlineCatheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important healthcare newlineassociated infection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common nosocomial newlineinfection which accounts for as many as 35% of the cases. Among these, more than newline80% of nosocomial UTIs are catheter-associated (CAUTI). As compared to patients newlinein non-critical area, those in intensive care unit have more risk of acquiring CAUTI. newlineCandida species are the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. newlineCandida species are normal microbiota within the gastrointestinal tracts, respiratory newlinetracts, vaginal area, and the mouth and it is sexually transmitted diseases. Candida is newlinea yeast growth present in all females and is normally controlled by bacteria. Candida newlinespecies differ in their antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors. The genus is newlinecomposed of a heterogeneous group of organisms, and more than 17 different newlineCandida species are known to be etiological agents of human infections. The yeast newlinebegins to invade and colonize the body tissues by releasing powerful chemicals into newlinethe bloodstream causing such varying symptoms as lethargy, chronic diarrhea, yeast newlinevaginites, bladder infections, muscle and joint pain, menstrual problems, newlineconstipation, and severe depression. The medical term for this overgrowth is newlinecandidiasis. Candidiasis is responsible for 90% of the cases of infectious vaginites. newlineCAUTI can produce a wide range of complications. These include fever, urethritis newlineand cystitis in mild cases and acute pyelonephritis, renal scarring, calculi formation newlineand bacteremia in severe cases. It can also cause prostatitis, epididymitis, and orchitis newlinein males. Other less common complications include septic arthritis, endocarditis, newlinevertebral osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, etc