Experimental and theoretical investigation on DI CI engine characteristics operated with manilkara zapota biodiesel diesel blends doped with green silver nanoparticles

Abstract

In day to day life, drastic increase of utilization of petroleum fuels newlinecreate major fret to make subsequent fuel demand and fuel price due to increase newlinein population and automobiles are the major causes for the fuel demand. The newlineexhaust from automobile vehicles spoils the atmospheric air and the newlineenvironmental impacts like global warming, climatic change, fossil fuel newlinedepletion, energy insufficiency and non-renewable nature of conventional fuels newlinemade it mandatory for the researchers to find suitable alternative fuel for the newlinereplacement of fossil fuels. The alternative fuels with similar properties to the newlinediesel fuel can be directly used in diesel engine with or without minor newlinemodifications. newlineManilkara Zapota oil is extracted from the Manilkara Zapota seeds newlinewhich have the fuel properties like high viscosity, density, flash point and lower newlinecalorific value. It cannot be directly used in diesel engine and it should be newlineconverted into Manilkara Zapota Methyl Ester (MZME) using newlinetransesterification process with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst and newlinemethanol as solvent. The volume of 2.5 litres of Manilkara Zapota oil, 15gram newlineof NaOH and 500ml of methanol at a reaction time of 60 min, 550rpm stirrer newlinespeed and a temperature of 650C produced 2.2 liters of methyl ester which newlineresulted in 88% of biodiesel and remaining as glycerol by transesterification newlineprocess. After transesterification process, the viscosity was reduced by 86.08% newlineand calorific value increased by 10.21%. newlineIn the second phase, the green nanoparticles were prepared from the newlineleaf extracts of Manilkara Zapota. The leaf extracts of Manilkara Zapota with newlinesilver nitrate solution, formed green silver nanoparticles and these newlinenanoparticles have the good catalytic properties. newline