Lead free Perovskite and Perovskite like Materials for Solution Processed Solar Cells

Abstract

This thesis describes a new route for synthesizing 1D metal chalcohalides (SbSI and BiSI). SbSI was synthesized using ethylene glycol as a high boiling solvent. The use of high boiling solvent found that ambient temperature is responsible for the self-assembly of amorphous SbSI nuclei to 1D crystal. Photon-absorbing functionalities of 1D SbSI nanorods were assessed in carbon-based solar cell device architecture. Bismuth sulfoiodide (BiSI) synthesized in a roomtemperature solution precipitation method. BiSI was used as a photoactive electrode material. The BiSI fabricated the photo-chargeable symmetric supercapacitor device. The research combines photovoltaic and charge-storage characteristics of photoactive BiSI to generate costeffective power. 2D-Layered (and#119862;and#119867;3and#119873;and#119867;3)3and#119878;and#119887;2and#119868;9 lead-free perovskite phase was synthesized in a simple solution-processed reflux reaction condition. Carbon-assisted 2D-Layered (and#119862;and#119867;3and#119873;and#119867;3)3and#119878;and#119887;2and#119868;9 lead-free perovskite phase was investigated in lateral electrode device architecture for its photodetection activity. 2D layered (and#119862;and#119867;3and#119873;and#119867;3)3and#119878;and#119887;2and#119862;and#119897;and#119883;and#119868;9and#8722;and#119883; lead-free perovskite microcrystals fabricated in a solution-processable slow crystal growth (SCG). The (and#119862;and#119867;3and#119873;and#119867;3)3and#119878;and#119887;2and#119862;and#119897;and#119883;and#119868;9and#8722;and#119883; perovskite phase was investigated for its weak light detection characteristics. Origin of ferromagnetism at room temperature in the (and#119862;and#119867;3and#119873;and#119867;3)3and#119878;and#119887;2and#119862;and#119897;and#119883;and#119868;9and#8722;and#119883; perovskite phase was investigated. Magnetic field effect on the photovoltaic action of the (and#119862;and#119867;3and#119873;and#119867;3)3and#119878;and#119887;2and#119862;and#119897;and#119883;and#119868;9and#8722;and#119883; perovskite microcrystal has also been investigated. This chapter is built-up as follows: First, we briefly introduce the different types of materials (Sec. 1.1 and 1.2). Sec. 1.3 describes the classification of nanomaterial and their development and uniqueness in the field. Sec. 1.4 and 1.5 describe 1D metal chalcohalide and layered 2D perovskite, respectively. Sec. 1.6 presents the solution processability of materials under investigations. Sec. 1.7 discuss about the carbon as electrode material in photovoltaic devices.