Proteomic Analysis of Human Hippocampus using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The hippocampus, the memory hub of the human brain, is an important limbic system newlinestructure located in the medial temporal lobe [1]. It deals with the highest level of brain newlinefunctions such as cognition, emotion, spatial navigation, learning, and memory [2]. newlineHippocampus has drawn a lot of interest from researchers and clinicians all over the world newlinedue to its clinical importance in various neurodegenerative disorders and aging. It is a functionally and structurally complex brain region that possesses remarkable newlinecytoarchitecture and is sub-divided into corona ammonis (CA) regions (CA1, CA2, CA3, newlineand CA4), dentate gyrus (DG), subicular complexes, and the entorhinal cortex [3]. Each hippocampal subfield performs different functions and is selectively susceptible to newlinephysiological factors such as aging, stress, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders [4]. Several multi-omics analyses reported in the last few decades have revealed breakthrough discoveries on complex transcriptomes and proteomes of the brain and/or hippocampus functions and many neurological disorders [5, 6]. However, the region-specific functions newlineof hippocampus is not extensively studied and therefore the molecular mechanisms newlineunderlying hippocampus-associated neurological disorders are not fully understood.Despite many imaging studies, detailed proteomic investigations of the hippocampus at its subfield level are not been extensively studied to date. A recent proteomic analysis of the human hippocampus has reported 5,529 proteins, which were reported to be enriched in the cellular component organization, the cellular process, and actin cytoskeleton signaling [7]. Further, proteomic analysis of the hippocampus of various mammals (human, rat, and mouse) have been reported with the identification of not more than 500 proteins using 2DE coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer [8-10]. Focking et al. have assessed the proteome of CA1, CA2/3, CA4, and DG of the human hippocampus by employing 2D-gel electrophoresis coupled with LC-E...