Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Gram Negative Bacteria Causing Bacteriemia Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital with Special Reference to Demonstrate the Virulence Factor

Abstract

Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection, characterised by altered mental status, confusion, hypotension, and extreme body discomfort. It is a leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality, despite technological advancements. Numerous studies over several decades show that sepsis affects millions of people globally each year and is still on the rise, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. Infectious agents causing sepsis/bacteriemia vary substantially, with each region having a unique incidence and mortality rate. Virulence factors are enabling factors that facilitate the ability of the pathogenic organism to colonize, invade, escape, or avoid the immune response, thus triggering a harmful inflammatory response and injuring host tissues. They enhance disease progression. However, no study has yet established the role of virulence factors in sepsis, necessitating the need for continuous research. Informed knowledge of virulence factors associated with sepsis within a population is critical because it can help identify the most prevalent virulence factor associated with GNB sepsis newline