Limnological Investigation of Freshwater Holder Yashwant Sagar Lake of Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

Water sample collected from freshwater holder Yashwant Sagar Dam and then newlineevaporated with Soxhlet apparatus. Water residues were characterized with various newlinephysical methods including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy newlineElectron Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray crystallography (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential. The particle sizes of newlineall samples were observed to be more non-homogenous. The weight and atomic newlinepercentage (%) of the elements has also been calculated. Different elements weight newlineand atomic (%) were found such as Carbon (24.08 and 36.16%), Oxigen (40.2 and newline53.93%), Sodium (12.8 and 8.7%), Magnesium (8.1 and 5.98%), Silicon (3.3 and newline2.16%), Sulfur (3.7 and 3.24%), Chloride (19.2 and 8.28%), Potassium (2.1 and newline1.16%), and Calcium (8.3 and 4.49%), respectively. The most abundant element was newlineOxigen followed by Carbon. Samples were also characterized by FT-IR and found newlinevarious compounds has been indentify in water residues samples such as halo, newlinealcohal, fluoro compound. Zeta potential were analyzed by using Nanoplus 3 (GSO) newline[specification: 1-10,000 nm hydrodynamic size; +/-500 mv Zetapotential]. Zeta newlinepotential (-13.85 mV), surface zeta potential (0 mV), mobility (-1.080 e-004 cm2/Vs), newlineand electric filed (-15.98 V/cm) were found, respectively. In addition Raman newlineSpectroscopy analsysis did not show any result. newlineThe present study was carried out for a period of two years to evaluate the different newlineparameters of Yashwant Sagar Dam. Water samples were collected every six months newlineand analyzed with standard methods. Different parameters including temperature, pH, newlinedissolved oxygen, BOD, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, and total dissolved newlinesolids. All parameters were within the permissible limits. The results indicate that the newlinedam is non-polluted and can be used for domestic, irrigation and pisciculture. newlineFurthermore, the proposed physical (SEM, EDX, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, Zeta newlinePotential) method was useful to estimate water residues elements newline